The polar regions are one of the frigid zones of Earth located around the North and South geographic poles, defined by the Arctic Circle and Antarctic Circle, respectively. The Arctic, in the northern hemisphere, consists of the Arctic Ocean and surrounding land, while the Antarctic, in the southern hemisphere, is the continent of Antarctica covered by a massive ice sheet. These regions are characterized by extreme cold, low levels of sunlight, perpetual snow and ice, and unique, specialized wildlife.

In essence, the polar regions are Earth's frigid zones, situated within the Arctic and Antarctic Circles, characterized by their ice-dominated landscapes, extreme cold, and unique ecological systems.

Guide to Traveling in Polar Regions

Location of the regions by region

Antarctica

The Antarctic is the region in the Southern Hemisphere, extending from the South Pole to southern areas beyond the Antarctic Circle at about 66°33'S latitude, and is defined in some contexts as anything south of 60°S. It encompasses the continent of Antarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean.

Artica

The Arctic is the polar region in the Northern Hemisphere, extending from the North Pole to just beyond the Arctic Circle at approximately 66°33'N latitude. This area includes the Arctic Ocean and parts of countries such as Canada, Russia, Greenland, Norway, and Alaska.

In summary:

Characteristics about the Polar regions

These regions are known for extreme cold, extensive ice (sea ice in the north, a continental ice sheet in the south), very short summers, and long periods of sunlight or darkness (polar day and night).

Polar climates are marked by permafrost, heavy glaciation, lack of trees, and unique ecosystems adapted to harsh conditions.

Ecologically, the boundaries may be defined by temperature (e.g., areas where the average July temperature stays below 10°C) or by geographic/vegetational features such as the tree line.

For travel to the polar regions, popular countries and cities include those in both the Arctic (North) and Antarctic (South), with most accessible locations found in the Arctic region.

How Is the Arctic Different from Antarctica?

The Arctic encompasses several countries of differing sizes spread far across an enormous ocean. Antarctica, however, is one large landmass that makes up the planet’s so-called “seventh continent.”

Millions of diverse peoples, including Indigenous cultures, live in the Arctic, but you won’t find any permanent inhabitants in Antarctica.

On trips to the Arctic, you may see polar bears, arctic foxes, reindeer, and musk oxen. In contrast, Antarctica has no terrestrial animals, but Antarctica is known for marine mammals and avian species, including albatross and several types of penguins.

When it comes to Arctic and Antarctic landscapes, these polar extremes are surprisingly distinct. Discover what sets these two legendary destinations apart—from unique wildlife sightings to a legacy of human inhabitants.

Here’s a helpful graphic that shows the differences between the Arctic and Antarctica at a glance.

Antarctica Travel Guide

South Pole

White Continent is undoubtedly a must-visit destination for numerous travelers. Experiencing the world's most untouched and isolated, along with its incredible polar wildlife and stunning landscapes, is truly. This expansive wilderness is rich in sightseeing and recreational activities. Here a roundup of over a dozen top things to do in Antarctica, including penguin and whale watching, as well as braving the “polar plunge.”

Antarctica Map

Table of Contents

1. Antarctica Regions

2. Fascinating Antarctica

3. Getting Around Antarctica

4. When to visit Month by Month

5. Essential Travel Tips

6. Best Things to Do
7. Wildlife in Antarctica

8. Must-See Highlights

9. Antarctica Packing List

Islands/Ice Shelves

King George

Fascinating Facts About Antarctica

The icy wilderness of Antarctica combines adventure with a commitment to preserving its pristine beauty. From its imposing ice sheets to its rich marine life, here are ten astonishing facts about this frozen wonderland that are worth exploring. Each fact shines a light on the most remote and enigmatic continent on Earth.

1. Antarctica’s Immense Scale

The Antarctic covers approximately 20 per cent of the Southern Hemisphere, making it the fifth-largest continent in terms of total area. It is almost three times the size of Australia.

2. Antarctica’s Unique Inhabitants

Antarctica is a unique continent that does not have a native human population. The region is a busy outpost for a variety of research scientists. The number of scientists conducting research varies throughout the year, from about 1,000 in winter to around 5,000 in summer.

Scottish cartographer John George Bartholomew first used “Antarctica” as the continent’s name, meaning “opposite the poles”. Photo| Ultima Antarctic Expeditions

3. Land Beyond Claims: The Antarctic Treaty’s Peaceful Governance

No one owns Antarctica. It is governed by the Antarctic Treaty supported by 53 countries. It established that the region will remain politically neutral. No nation or group of people can claim any part of the Antarctic as territory and countries cannot use the region for military purposes or to dispose of radioactive waste. Research can only be done for peaceful purposes.

4. The Colossal Antarctic Ice Sheet

The Antarctic Ice Sheet dominates the region. It is the largest single piece of ice on Earth. The ice surface dramatically grows in size from about three million square kilometres at the end of summer to about 19 million square kilometers by winter. Experts estimate that 90% of the world’s ice and 70% of Earth’s freshwater is frozen in Antarctica.

5. Antarctica, the Ultimate Desert

Antarctica is a desert with an extremely cold, dry climate. It is the driest continent on earth and one of the driest deserts in the world.

6. Summits of Solitude: Antarctica’s Towering Peaks

Antarctica has several mountain summits. A few of these summits reach altitudes of more than 4,500 meters (14,764 feet). The elevation of the Antarctic Ice Sheet itself is about 2,000 meters (6,562 feet) and reaches 4,000 meters (13,123 feet) above sea level near the centre of the continent.

Explore the extreme landscapes of Antarctica. Photo| Ultima Antarctic Expeditions

7. Antarctica’s Extreme Temperatures

Winter temperatures along Antarctica’s coast generally range from -10° to -30°C (14° to -22°F). During the summer, coastal areas hover around 0°C (32°F) but can reach temperatures as high as 9°C (48°F). Most of the area experiences 24 hours of sunlight during the summertime and 24 hours of night during the winter.

8. The Unique Timekeeping of Antarctica

Time zones work differently in Antarctica. Both the north and south poles of the Earth are outside the boundaries of an official time zone, and as such, they are considered to be in all time zones. This is because the longitude lines that are used to separate the individual time zones converge at the two poles. To keep track of time, most scientists stationed in Antarctica choose to observe the zone where they live.

9. Vital Waters: The Crucial Role of Antarctic Currents

The waters surrounding Antarctica are a key part of the “ocean conveyor belt,” a global system in which water circulates the globe based on density and currents. Without the aid of the oceans around Antarctica, Earth’s waters would not circulate in a balanced and efficient manner.

10. Marine Metropolis: The Rich Biodiversity Beneath Antarctic Waters

The waters surrounding Antarctica are among the most diverse on the planet. Upwelling allows phytoplankton and algae to flourish. Thousands of species, such as krill, feed on the plankton. Fish and a large variety of marine mammals thrive in the cold Antarctic water, depending on krill for their survival.

When is the best time to visit Antarctica

The ideal time to discover Antarctica is between November and early February, coinciding with the Antarctic Austral summer. This season provides long days 24 hours of daylight and milder temperatures, usually between 0 and -10 degrees Celsius. In November and December, you can visit an emperor penguin colony during their breeding peak see the charming chicks in their fluffy downy feathers as get ready for their first swims. Ultima’s exclusive deep-field journeys are designed for all ages fitness levels, offering expertly planned itineraries to enhance your Antarctic experience.

Antarctica is typically categorized as having two main seasons—winter and summer—but also experiences short transitional periods that resemble spring and fall. Changes in weather, ice cover, and wildlife activity enrich the patterns during the peak tourist season and its shoulder.

Antarctica Cruise Season: The Austral Summer

The short Antarctic cruise season typically runs from November to March during the austral summer, though some limited cruises kick off in late October and extend a little into April. This is the only feasible interval for cruising to the White Continent, as summer marks the breakup and retreat of the seasonal ice pack surrounding the remote landmass. Increasing daylength, warming temperatures, and pack-ice decline not only affords sightseeing access to the Antarctic mainland, but also sparks a magnificent flurry of wildlife activity here: from nesting penguins and pupping seals to an influx of hungry whales.

The most popular months for visiting this icy realm are December and January, when the weather is warmest (relatively speaking, of course) and day length extends the better part of 24 hours. But, as we’ll get into, there are definite perks to coming during the earlier and later parts of that tantalizing austral summer.

Antarctica's Travel Season: A Month-by-Month Guide

In this overview of the Antarctic travel season, we will outline fundamental conditions, average temperatures on the Antarctic Peninsula—the main sightseeing region and the warmest part of the White Continent. We will also highlight key features each month during the austral summer, along with the associated spring and fall shoulder periods.

October

The early to mid-October period is not considered peak tourist season for Antarctica, as the continent remains largely in late winter, characterised by cold temperatures and shorter days. However, as the month progresses, some cruises commence, offering an adventurous glimpse of Antarctica in its untouched state.

Weather: The average temperature atanza Base in October is -4.3°C (24.3°F), with conditions gradually warming towards the month’s end, though it still remains quite chilly!

Advantages/Scenic Highlights: An end-of-October trip not only exposes travellers to the authentic Antarctic chill (and often lower fares) but also presents stunning scenery such as vast sea ice, large ice floes, and icebergs around the Antarctic Peninsula. Photographers appreciate the impressive ice formations, less crowded waterways, and pristine snow-covered landscapes, which are also perfect for skiers and snowshoers, all while enjoying breathtaking sunset views.

Wildlife: Spring mating rituals are in full swing on the crowded beaches of South Georgia, where nearly half a million elephant seals gather, and dominant males engage in fierce battles. Breeding activities among seabirds and penguins on the Antarctic Peninsula are beginning, with Weddell and crabeater seals giving birth on the ice. There also a chance to discover remote colonies of emperor penguins.

November

Marks the start of peak tourism in Antarctica, with increasing daylight hours and receding sea ice signalling the vibrant onset of Antarctic "spring."

Weather: Days grow longer, offering over 15 hours of daylight. The average temperature at Esperanza Base is -1.1°C (30°F).

Advantages/Scenic Highlights: Ideal conditions for skiing and snowshoeing persist, and kayaking opportunities are on the rise. This is a prime time for trekking on fast ice, connects to the shore. Visitors can enjoy stunning ice formations, including intricate ice, and prices are generally lower at the beginning of the season.

Wildlife: Pinnipeds, seabirds, and penguin colonies are bustling on the sub-Antarctic islands, which are also blooming with wildflowers, as well as on the Antarctic Peninsula, where gentoo, Adelie, macaroni, and chinstrap penguins nesting.

December

Among the most popular months for visiting Antarctica—not least on account of holidays and school vacations—December includes the austral summer solstice, with maximal daylight shining down on some spectacular scenery and wildlife action.

Weather: Close to 24 hours of daylight give you a taste for the seduction of the Midnight Sun. Temperatures on the Antarctic Peninsula commonly get above freezing, even into downright balmy territory. The mean December temperature at Esperanza Base is 0.8°C (33.4°F), with an average high of 3.8°C (38.8°F).

Advantages/Scenic Highlights: Especially in the first part of the month, gorgeous ice floes and bergs remain plentiful. Even as the ice formations diminish with December’s progression, the opportunity to see (and hear) calving glaciers offers ample compensation. Alongside kayaking, camping, and other outdoor adventures, the main diving season typically begins around the middle of the month. All of that summertime daylight provides many hours for recreation, wildlife-watching, and photography.

Wildlife: Penguin hatchlings and fuzzy chicks offer a delightful, crowd-pleasing spectacle in December, while seabird nesting and young-feeding are going full force. Seals and their growing pups are readily visible, and whales begin to trickle into their Antarctic feeding grounds.

January

January is an ideal time for Antarctic tourism, featuring optimal weather, long daylight hours, and expanding access to the mainland and coastline.

Weather: Although days start to shorten after thestice, January still offers abundant sunshine. It is the warmest month on average, with temperatures on the Peninsula occasionally reaching the mid-teens°C (upper s°F). The average monthly temperature at Esperanza Base is 1.°C (34.5°F), with daily highs around 4.3°C (39.7°F).

Advantages/Scenic Highlights: With sea ice significantly retreating, this month allows for deeper explorations into the stunning landscapes of the White Continent. If conditions permit, some cruise ships may venture beyond the Antarctic Circle, and visiting the Ross—home to the historic huts of early-th-century explorers Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton—could be possible.

Wildlife: Penguin-watching is exceptional, with adorable chicks on display and parents tirelessly feeding them. Seabird colonies are lively nurseries, and whale sightings continue to increase around the Antarctic.

February

February typically provides excellent weather and remains a favored time to visit Antarctica, although tourist numbers are tapering off from the December/January peak.

Weather: Daylight continues to shorten, yet temperatures remain pleasantly mild for polar regions—Esperanza Base 0.7°C (33.3°F) with daily highs around 3.7°C (38.7°F)—and the conditions are usually calm.

Advantages/Scenic Highlights: As sea ice nears its annual minimum, there are abundant opportunities to explore south of the Antarctic Circle and into the Ross Sea, with the sun's intensity transforming icebergs into stunning natural sculptures.

Wildlife: While seabird sightings may decline, February still offers enchanting moments to capture young penguins at play, alongside prime whale-watching opportunities as humpbacks, minkes and other baleen species take advantage of the seasonal abundance of krill, while orcas hunt for seal pups and young penguins.

March

As the austral summer comes to a close, visitors can enjoy less crowded sightseeing waterways, minimal sea ice, and unique charms of the "arctic fall."

Weather: Daylight decreases steadily by approximately 15 minutes daily, with temperatures dropping as winter; the average temperature at Esperanza Base in March is -2.°C (27.9°F).

Advantages/Scenic Highlights: March is one of the most affordable times to visit Antarctica, with reduced cruise prices. diminished ship traffic enhances the sense of untouched wilderness. Clearer waters are ideal for diving, and leopard seals begin hunting the more adventurousuin chicks. With sea ice at its lowest, late venture beyond the Antarctic Circle, while the setting sun creates stunning sunsets accentuates landscape colors for photography, and unveils a sky full of stars—ly showcasing the Aurora Australis, or Southern Lights, at night.

Wildlife: March offers whale activity as these magnificent creatures prepare for their migration north, feedingantly in local waters.

The Best Ways to Get Around Antarctica

Here’s a detailed guide focused on the main ways to get around Antarctica, highlighting Antarctic cruises, Zodiac boat excursions, fly-in options, and guided walking activities for travelers in 2025 and beyond.

Cruises from Ushuaia, Argentina
Ushuaia is recognized as the “End of the World” port and is by far the most popular gateway for Antarctic expedition cruises.
Cruise itineraries often include highlights like the Drake Passage crossing, Antarctic Peninsula, and sometimes South Georgia or the Antarctic Circle.
Cruises feature daily adventure outings, wildlife watching, ice navigation, and lectures by expedition teams.
Departures are seasonal, running from November through March, with varying durations and luxury levels.
Zodiac boats: Used for landings, wildlife excursions, and reaching coastal highlights; included on almost every Antarctic cruise.
Flights: For those short on time or seeking a smoother journey, fly-in/fly-out options are available from Punta Arenas, Chile to King George Island (bypassing the Drake Passage by air).
On foot: Most on-continent exploration is done with guided walks and hikes led by experienced expedition staff.

Zodiac Boats

Zodiac inflatables are the backbone of daily excursions from the cruise ships, allowing for landings at wildlife sites, exploration of icebergs, and reaching otherwise inaccessible icy coves.
These guided rides bring travelers amazingly close to penguins, seals, whales, and impressive ice formations in safe, small groups.
Waterproof layered clothing is mandatory as the rides can be cold, windy, and wet; each trip comes with trained guides and naturalists for interpretation.

Fly-In Options from Punta Arenas, Chile

For travelers with limited time or wishing to avoid the rough Drake Passage, flights from Punta Arenas, Chile, land on King George Island at the edge of the Antarctic Peninsula.
These flights last roughly two hours; from King George Island, cruise activities and Zodiac excursions begin (often termed “air-cruise” itineraries).
Packages usually include group transfers, pre/post-hotel nights in Punta Arenas, and all required logistics from the airport to the vessel.

On Foot: Guided Walks and Hikes

All land-based exploration is guided and strictly regulated to protect Antarctica’s delicate environment.
Excursions may include flat walks (like a tour of the old whaling station at Deception Island) or longer hikes (sometimes up to 6 hours over snow and rocky terrain).
Guides ensure safety, wildlife-friendly conduct, and interpretation of the landscape and history during each outing.

Antarctic expeditions combine ship and air travel, Zodiac adventure, and on-foot exploration to maximize wildlife encounters and access to this remote continent while prioritizing safety and environmental stewardship.

Essential Travel Tips

All visits are tightly regulated for environmental protection; follow all biosecurity rules and leave no trace.
Expect highly variable weather, with strong winds and sudden temperature changes even in summer—layered, waterproof clothing is critical.
Book expeditions well in advance (especially for rare routes like the Ross Sea), and select ships/itineraries based on specialist interests (e.g., wildlife, photography, adventure sports).

Antarctica delivers unmatched wilderness, wildlife, and adventure, making it a once-in-a-lifetime journey for travelers prepared for extremes.

Best Things to Do

Wildlife-watching: See emperor and Adélie penguins, seals, whales (especially humpback, orca, and minke)

Rare seabirds along the Antarctic Peninsula and sub-Antarctic islands.

While the high, frigid wastes of the Antarctic Polar Plateau are inhospitable to most forms of life, the White Continent’s coastline and islands seasonally teem with animals, offering an utterly world-class wildlife-watching spectacle. Polar safaris show off multiple species of penguins and ice seals, plus enormous southern elephant seals, hunting squads of orcas, spouting humpbacks and other baleen giants, and bevies of seabirds, including albatrosses and skuas.

The variety and concentration of wildlife alone—and the chance to see Southern Ocean and Antarctic specialties such as leopard seals and emperor penguins—place Antarctica (and the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands often included in cruise itineraries) on the shortlist of the world’s great ecotourism destinations.

Kayaking or Standup Paddleboarding: Paddle through iceberg-filled waters for up-close views of wildlife and dramatic landscapes.

Dazzling as the penguin-thronged beaches and grand icebergs are from an expedition ship or Zodiac, they can be experienced even more intimately by paddle power! The often calm, glass, ice- and cliff-edged waters along the Antarctic Peninsula coast are a joy to weave along in a kayak. While it may come as a surprise, you can very much engage in stand-up paddleboarding in Antarctica as well: a one-of-a-kind paddlesports experience, it goes without saying!

Camping on the ice: Spend a night in this pristine wilderness for an authentic Antarctic adventure.

Camping? In Antarctica? You bet! You needn’t be a hardcore polar explorer or adventurer to experience the magic of a night out on the Antarctic snow. The shorefront and coastal islands of the Antarctic Peninsula offer a number of fine camping locations in the summer, with Zodiacs transporting you to a snowy group “campsite” and a bivy sack or sturdy tent serving as your snug nest.

Properly layered, you’ll be surprisingly warm—and pinching yourself at the magic-hour light on the mountain ramparts and (especially earlier and later in the season) absolutely awe-inspiring night skies.

Scuba Diving & Snorkeling: Plunge beneath the ice for surreal underwater vistas, available on specialist tours.

Getting below the water in Antarctica, whether off a cobble beach or from a Zodiac, immerses you in a polar dreamscape. Experienced scuba divers can marvel at the unbelievable bulk and sculptural beauty of icebergs’ submerged bases while keeping an eye peeled for seals and penguins shooting by in flurries of bubbles—maybe even glimpsing a humpback or other passing leviathan. In the South Shetlands, meanwhile, Deception Island provides the opportunity to dive within the flooded caldera of a still-active Antarctic volcano.

If you’re not an advanced diver, you can still get a taste for underwater Antarctica via snorkeling—snugged up, of course, in a drysuit, booties, and mittens—or even via submersible available on select, state-of-the-art polar vessels.

Trekking on the ice: Join guided hikes to penguin rookeries, glaciers, and scenic headlands.

Landings on the White Continent fire the spirit of adventure in any traveler. Hiking along wild cobble beaches with the ringing of seabirds and bellowing pinnipeds in your ear, striking off across pure-white snowscapes on skis or snowshoes, stepping off a Zodiac onto offshore sea ice: These on-foot excursions wonderfully complement the onboard or flyover touring defining much of Antarctic sightseeing.

Visiting a Research Station: Experience a behind-the-scenes look at scientific life at bases like Port Lockroy ("Penguin Post Office").

It’s a treat to visit an Antarctic research station such as McMurdo, Vernadsky, or Port Lockroy, where scientists and other staff brave the elements—including, for relatively few hardy souls, that dark polar winter—while researching everything from krill, penguins, and polar-desert microbes to volcanism, ice-sheet movement, and prehistoric climates (as deciphered through ancient ice cores).

The Polar Plunge: Take a bracing dip in Antarctic waters (often in Deception Bay’s volcanic-caldera harbor).

Helicopter Touring (on some cruises): Witness breathtaking aerial views of remote islands and vast ice fields.

A helicopter overflight can bring you to more remote corners of the White Continent, such as the vast interior of the Weddell and Ross seas. Getting a bird’s-eye view of these and other grand Antarctic realms is unforgettable!

Stargazing: With extended periods of darkness and minimal light pollution, winter skywatching can be magical

The very attributes that make Antarctica inhospitable to humans make it ideal for astronomy. The continent’s surprisingly high altitude means there’s less atmosphere to look through than elsewhere, and its cold, dry air means minimal water vapor and less infrared light which can both interfere with observations. Plus the long polar nights of 24 hours of darkness in mid-winter open up a much wider window to continuously view stars compared to elsewhere.

Wildlife in Antarctica

Among Antarctica’s most famous inhabitants are the large populations of penguins that call the frozen paradise their home. We explore many known penguin rookeries during our Antarctica expedition cruises, seeing gentoos, Adélies, and chinstrap penguins in great numbers as they brood eggs and feed chicks.

In the water and on the ice, we frequently sight leopard, elephant, crabeater, and Weddell seals. And keep your eyes on the sea to spot whales and orcas swimming alongside our ship and Zodiac boats.

Penguin of Antarctica, South Georgia and the Falkland Islands

There are 18 species of penguin worldwide, almost all of which are restricted to the southern hemisphere, with the exception of the Galapagos penguin that lives on the equator. Eight of these species can be found in Antarctica and on the surrounding sub-Antarctic islands.

The Adélie and emperor penguins are considered the only ‘true Antarctic penguins’ breeding exclusively on the continent and surrounding sea ice. The other species occupy more northerly regions, including the Antarctic Peninsula, South Georgia Island and Falkland Islands.

Emperor Penguin

King Penguin

Gentoo Penguin

penguin-adelie-pygoscelis-adeliae-the-most-widely-spread-penguin-species.webp

Adélie Penguin

Macaroni Penguin

Must-See Highlights

Below I have listed the most popular destinations

Deception Island:

One of the most visited spots on the peninsula, Deception Island is home to a colony of Chin Strap penguins. The island is also home to one of the most famous whaler bays in the region – Deception Bay. Historically used by whalers, the bay is now a hot-spot for swimmers as the bay is a caldera of a volcano and provides ‘hot springs’. From our own personal experience, we can tell you the water is anything but ‘hot’ – in fact, it’s freezing! But still worth doing! Standard itineraries will stop here and all operators will give you the option of swimming.

Swim in volcanic-heated waters, hike inside a collapsed caldera, and spot huge Chinstrap penguin colonies.This ring-shaped island, which is actually the caldera of an active volcano, is a popular part of our Antarctic Peninsula cruises. The caldera has a diameter of about 15 km (nine miles) with a narrow entrance on one side known as Neptune’s Bellows. We can sometimes sail through this spectacular passage into the flooded crater beyond

Antarctic Peninsula

All Antarctica cruise itineraries will visit the Antarctic Peninsula. However, as the route itinerary images above demonstrate, different itineraries will see different points on the peninsula.

The peninsula consists of an 800 kilometres (500 mile) long mountain chain, the highest peaks rising to approximately 2,800 metres (9,186 feet), and numerous off-lying islands. The Peninsula offers the most dramatic scenery and biggest variety of wildlife in Antarctica. Visitors are easily overcome by sensory overload by the huge amount of ice-bergs.

The Lemaire Channel

Without doubt one of the most stunning sections of the Antarctica Peninsula. Huge ice cliffs surround you on a narrow channel and provide an ‘out of this world’ landscape. All standard itineraries should visit the Lemaire Channel as it is located at the tip of the peninsula.

As we sail through Lemaire Channel, you’ll enjoy a spartan wilderness of snow and ice amid rugged peaks rising 1,000 meters high (3,280 feet). Nearby calving glaciers may send their icebergs into the channel, sometimes blocking it completely. In addition to the excess of amazing natural scenery, you may also encounter the locals of Lemaire Channel: Orca, humpback, and minke whales often appear on this dramatic waterway.

Visiting the South Pole: The planet’s southernmost point, featured on select expeditions.

Relatively few people have ever had the privilege of visiting the South Pole, which fueled the imagination and tested the courage of more than a few iconic explorers back in the late 19th and early 20th centuries—and which still lures modern-day adventurers. With a flyover or fly-in Antarctic experience, you can see, and even set foot at, this defining geographic landmark on the Polar Plateau.

Snow Hill Island:

Prime spot to see Emperor Penguins, especially in early summer.Located in Antarctica’s remote Weddell Sea, Snow Hill Island is almost completely capped in snow. It has a history as fascinating as its scenery, though it is typically the emperor penguin colony that draws the most visitors. In recent years, we have been lucky to see the Snow Hill Island colony, but we are especially at the mercy of weather and ice in this remote Antarctic area.

Port Lockroy:

It is a former Antarctic base located along a scenic bay on Goudier Island, southwest of Wiencke Island, near the Antarctic Peninsula. French explorer Jean-Baptiste Charcot discovered the bay after which the facility is named during his 1903―1905 expedition, naming Port Lockroy after the politician who helped finance his expedition.

Ross Sea:

The Ross Sea is a giant bay found south by south-east from New Zealand. Home of at least 10 species of mammal, 6 dozen species of birds, nearly a hundred types of fish, and around 1000 examples of invertebrate species. The Ross Sea is one of the few expanses of salt water that has been left (relatively) free of human impact.
Travellers to the Ross Sea are greeted by a massive geographical wonder – the Ross Ice Shelf. The shelf, roughly the size of France, is in fact part of a massive glacier that runs back onto the continent.

King George Island:

Gateway for Antarctic flights, with several international research stations and penguin colonies King George Island now serves as an aerodrome for flights to Antarctica, and is known as the unofficial capital of the continent because of the numerous research stations there. Aside from the scientific significance, the island is a haven for wildlife, and is home to many marine mammals such as Elephant, Weddell and Leopard seals, and colonies of Chinstrap and Gentoo penguins.

The Antarctica Circle

Few people venture past the Antarctica Circle. However, it well worth considering as it takes you further down the Antarctic Peninsula and allows you to explore less-visited sites like the historic research stations at Marguerite Bay. You’ll not cross the Antarctic Circle on a classic itinerary as it is much further south than most cruises go. However, almost all Antarctica cruise companies will operate an Antarctic Circle tour. They’re often called exactly that in fact. You’ll find the price is more expensive than a standard cruise, but less than a cruise that takes in South Georgia and the Falklands.

Paradise Harbor (or Paradise Bay)

A great place to visit for wildlife lovers! The ice floes provide great lounging spots for seals and whales are often seen in the deep bay. Lovely ice formations make this one of our favourite spots and ideally, you should see it in a zodiac. All Antarctica cruise itineraries stop here.

South Georgia and Falklands Island

If you have the time and the budget, these islands should not be missed! Packed with wildlife, they’re often termed the ‘Arctic Galapagos’ as most species don’t mind people sitting close by. Perfect for photographers. Literally millions of seals and penguins gather on these islands and the vast array of sea birds will keep you busy for days! Standard itineraries do not visit these islands. All operators offer an extended cruise option that does visit the islands, however, it is usually the most expensive option.

Hope Bay

Known as Iceberg Alley, Hope Bay is home to some stunning ice formations and incredibly large icebergs. The icebergs glow a light blue in the water and you’ll have the opportunity to go ashore and visit the historical expedition huts from the Swedish Antarctic Expedition that wintered in the bay in 1903. All Antarctica cruise operators stop here.

Antarctica Packing List: Complete Gear List

Before we get into the ins and outs of packing for Antarctica, let’s cover what to wear. Firstly, you’ll likely have two different needs: clothes for being on the cruise and clothes for the landings/zodiac cruises.

Antartica Clothing

Overview on all Antarctica clothing requirements, including recommended layered clothing and the all important outer layer (i.e. jacket)

Base Layer(merino wool or synthetic, thermal tops and long underwear)
Waterproof Jacket
Warm Parka
Waterproof Pants

Warm Gloves and Liner Gloves
Warm Fleece or sweatshirt (mid-layer insulation)
Casual Onboard Clothes(comfortable jeans, leggings, sweatpants)
Warm parka (often provided by cruise operator)

Antartica Footwear

From waterproof boots to socks and wellies. Don’t fall victim to purchasing poor quality boots or socks that will give you cold and wet feet!

Thermal Socks
Wellies or Muck Boots

Hiking Boots
Casual Shoes

Antartica Headgear

This section covers useful gear to keep your head and hands warm during the freezing temperatures you’re likely to experience on your journey. Here we also cover information and recommendations on Antarctica headlamps – you will need a headlamp if you want to have a go spotting wildlife at night.

Thermal Beanie
Thermal Headband
Face Scarf (Optional)

Head Torch (Optional)
UV Sunglasses

Antartica Bags

From the Antarctica kit bag to your general day-pack. Getting the right type of duffel bag is key as it will carry all your gear and equipment. Your day-pack will likely be taken with you every day, therefore it is important to get something that is light and versatile – in this section we have provided recommendations.

Duffle Bag or Suitcase
Wellies or Muck Boots

Daypack
Waterproof backpack or dry bag (for camera gear, meds)

Antartica Accessories

Antarctica accessories, including everything from water bottles and suncream to binoculars, cameras and tripods.

Sunscreen
Powerstrip,electrical adapter/converter
Water bottle (collapsible recommended)
Earplugs (for shipboard sleeping)
Small Bag Lock
Bathing suit (for sauna, hot tub, or polar plunge)
extra batteries/memory cards,

Binoculars
Camera
Tripod
Personal toiletries (sunblock, moisturizer, lip balm, basic medications)
Kindle
Heat packs (hand/foot warmers, optional)
Laundry detergent (laundry on ships can be expensive)

Pro Packing Tips

Layering is the key: choose multiple light layers for regulating warmth.
Most ships provide expedition parkas and boots, but double check the operator’s website to confirm.
Use a duffle or backpack for easier storage in small ship cabins.
Avoid cotton for outer layers—opt for quick-drying synthetics or wool.
Confirm weight limits, especially for charter flights to Ushuaia or King George Island (often 15kg/33lb for hold luggage).

Packing smartly for Antarctica ensures a safe and comfortable adventure in one of Earth’s most spectacular wild places.For a trip to Antarctica, a specialized packing list is necessary due to extreme conditions, adventure excursions, and shipboard life.

The Antarctic Peninsula Travel Guide

Where is the Antarctic Peninsula

The Antarctic Peninsula is the northernmost part of mainland Antarctica, stretching about 1,300 kilometres (800 miles) toward South America.

The Antarctic Peninsula is the most accessible region of the continent, making it an ideal starting point for anyone looking to tick Antarctica off their travel bucket list. Extending towards South America, the peninsula boasts towering icebergs, dramatic fjords, and unparalleled wildlife viewing.

Our Antarctic voyages often begin here, exploring the region before venturing further south. The peninsula provides a perfect introduction to the continent's frozen wilderness, combining stunning scenery, abundant wildlife, and fascinating history.

Table of Contents

1. Where is the Antarctic Peninsula

2. Travelling to the Antarctic Peninsula

3. Climate of the Antarctic Peninsula

4. Iconic Destinations

5. What wildlife can I observe

Traveling to the Antarctic Peninsula

Traveling to Antarctica varies based on your itinerary.

For those heading to the Antarctic Peninsula, most voyages depart from Ushuaia, Argentina. The journey begins with a two-day crossing of the Drake Passage, where the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans meet. Known for its unpredictable conditions, the Drake Passage is as much a rite of passage as it is an exhilarating start to your Antarctic adventure.

Suppose you'd prefer to skip part of the crossing. In that case, there are fly/sail options available, allowing you to fly over the Drake Passage in at least one direction, maximising your time exploring the peninsula.

The Antarctic Peninsula also serves as a gateway to other iconic destinations, such as South Georgia and the Falkland Islands (also known as the Falklands or Malvinas). Wildlife enthusiasts will be captivated by South Georgia’s abundant king penguin colonies and its rich whaling history. Meanwhile, the Falkland Islands combine local charm with impressive birdlife, including albatrosses and rockhopper penguins.

For those seeking the ultimate adventure, some itineraries offer the opportunity to venture south of the Antarctic Circle, providing a rare chance to witness the stark beauty of this less-explored part of the continent.

Climate of the Antarctic Peninsula

The climate of the Antarctic Peninsula is milder compared to the rest of Antarctica, largely due to its northern location extending beyond the Antarctic Circle. Summers bring temperatures just above freezing, allowing for seasonal ice melt and creating ice-free zones along the coast. However, the region is highly impacted by climate change, with rising temperatures leading to the rapid retreat of glaciers and significant shifts in the ecosystem. Despite its relatively mild conditions, the peninsula still experiences harsh, cold winds and dramatic weather changes, making it a place of stark contrasts.

The Antarctic Peninsula’s Iconic Destinations

Paradise Harbour: This stunning inlet is a paradise for wildlife enthusiasts, offering a chance to see gentoo penguins, minke whales, and seals against a backdrop of dramatic glaciers. Watch as massive slabs of ice calve thunderously into the water.
Some might be surprised to discover that Paradise Bay is not a white, sandy beach on a tropical island somewhere, but one of the world’s most beautiful frozen landscapes.
It’s part of the coldest and windiest place on earth.
Temperatures remain below freezing all year in Antarctica’s Paradise Bay. While the extreme cold explains the lack of shops and restaurants, it also preserves the region’s quiet beauty. A visit here feels as if you and your fellow travellers are the last people on Earth, giving you space to take in your pristine surroundings without the intrusion of modern civilisation.
Where is Paradise Bay? It’s a harbour near Lemaire and Bryde Islands on the Antarctic Peninsula’s west coast
Port Lockroy: Known as the "penguin post office," Port Lockroy is one of Antarctica’s most famous visitor sites. Explore the historic British military base, now a museum, send a postcard home, and meet its resident penguins.
Neko Harbour:
Another breathtaking inlet, Neko Harbour offers spectacular glacier views, wildlife encounters, and opportunities for shore landings. It’s a photographer’s dream, with gentoo penguins and seals dotting the icy landscape.
The landing at Neko Harbour is known as a continental landing, as it is connected to the Antarctic Peninsula. Along with the penguin life, skuas sometimes roost on the rocky outcroppings above this site. We will keep a safe distance from their nests, however, as skuas like to dive-bomb trespassers.
Lemaire Channel: Nicknamed "Kodak Alley," the Lemaire Channel is a narrow sea route flanked by towering peaks. you’ll enjoy a spartan wilderness of snow and ice amid rugged peaks rising 1,000 meters high (3,280 feet). Nearby calving glaciers may send their icebergs into the channel, sometimes blocking it completely.As you navigate its waters, keep an eye out for orcas, humpbacks, and seals.
Wilhelmina Bay & Guvernøren
Wilhelmina Bay is among the best places to spot whales along the Antarctic Peninsula, and nearby Foyn Harbour will also give history lovers (and scuba divers) a rare treat: The wreck of the Guvernøren, a factory ship that ran aground in 1915, can be seen near Enterprise Island.
Antwerp Island
Anvers Island is the largest island in the Palmer Archipelago, which lies off the northwestern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. Spanning 61 km (38 miles) long, Anvers is located near Cormorant Island and designated by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area. It is also home to Palmer Station, an American scientific research base.
Deception Island: This active volcanic caldera offers a unique landscape of steaming beaches and ash-covered glaciers. Once a hub for whaling, its ruins now serve as a stark reminder of Antarctica’s history. Seals, penguins, and seabirds thrive here, making it a fascinating stop on any voyage.
Danco Island
Danco Island is one of our classic landing sites, a place where we not only have the chance to see gentoo penguins but can often make hikes that offer great views of the surrounding Errera Channel.
Many travelers take their first polar plunge at Danco Island, which is snowbound for most of the season, making for excellent snowshoeing opportunities.

What wildlife can I observe on the Antarctic Peninsula?

The Antarctic Peninsula transforms into a vibrant hub of wildlife in late spring as expeditions to begin. For the most memorable wildlife experiences, visit during the peak summer months when penguin chicks are rapidly hatching, and fur seal pups are being weaned.’s a preview of what you might see:

Penguins: This region hosts thriving colonies of gentoo, chinstrap, and Adelie penguins. These and resilient birds are a highlight of any Antarctic journey, whether they’re waddling across ice floes or caring for their young.

Seals: Leopard seals glide effortlessly through icy waters, while playful fur seals swim near Zodiacs, and Weddell seals rest peacefully on ice floes. You might also catch a glimpse of elephant seals, which are making a comeback after being heavily hunted in the past.

Whales: The nutrient-rich waters of the peninsula attract various whales, including humpbacks, minkes, and orcas. Observing these magnificent creatures breach or dive is an unforgettable experience, especially during late-season trips in February and March, which are ideal for whale watching.

Seabirds: The skies above the Antarctic Peninsula are filled with captivating seabirds, from the graceful snow petrel to impressive wandering albatross. Other species, such as petrels, Antarctic terns, and skuas, can also be seen soaring over the frigid waters.

Deception Island Travel Guide

Carved by a volcanic eruption, the stark landscapes Deception Island in Antarctica stand out as one of the most captivating spots on the Seventh Continent. This desolate region features ash-covered glaciers, volcanic beaches, and steep slopes, all surrounding a vast natural harbor flanked by cliffs, alongside a rich tapestry of human history. Located among the South Shetland Islands near the Antarctic Peninsula, Deception has drawn interest for sealing, whaling, and scientific research for over two centuries. Currently uninhabited, it showcases the remains of military bases, whaling stations, research facilities, inviting adventurous travelers to explore its past. allure and enigma of Deception Island make it a favored stop for modern expedition cruises to Antarctica. To help you plan your, we've put together this guide with all the essential information you need.

Table of Contents

1. Where to find Deception Island

2. The name Deception Island

3. Wildlife of Deception Island

4. Places to explore

Where can you find Deception Island?

Deception Island is part of the South Shetland Islands, located off the northwest coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, just south of Livingston Island. It lies on the northern side of the Bransfield Strait, which separates the South Shetlands from main Peninsula. The strait, approximately 64 miles (100 km) wide, an excellent spot for whale watching during an Antarctic cruise.

What is the origin of the name Deception Island?

Deception Island was named by Nathaniel Palmer, the captain of an American sealing vessel, who visited in 1820 during a pivotal year for the exploration of the South Shetlands and Peninsula. Palmer, along with British sealer Edward Bransfield—who named the strait—claimed to be among the first to see the Antarctic Continent, but Palmer is credited with the name as he was likely the first to land there. Upon arriving on an Antarctic cruise, visitors quickly understand why Deception Island earned its name. At first glance, it seems like an ordinary island, but its distinctive top and shape reveal a closed horseshoe formation that shelters the volcano’s inner flooded caldera. The entrance, known as Neptune’s Bellows, is until the ship approaches, unveiling a vast natural harbor—ideal for mooring, whether aboard a traditional wooden sealer or a modern cruise ship.

Wildlife of Deception Island

Deception Island in Antarctica may not have any human inhabitants, but it is home to a diverse array of wildlife The coastline boasts one of the world’s largest populations of Chinstrapuins, with over 140,000 breeding pairs. This colony into the island's hills and mountains, creating a striking contrast of black and white, especially along the western cliffs of Neptune's Bellows, where their krill-rich guano gives the cliffs a hue. While Gentoo penguins can occasionally be spotted, there are no colonies here, but the island is home to breeding populations of skuas, cape petrels, and kelp gulls. The island is also abundant in, including Weddell seals, elephant seals, and fur seals, along with predatory leopard seals that are attracted to the Chinstrap penguins. An interesting fact about Deception Island is that it is theest location in Antarctica. Its volcanic warmth supports the growth of moss and lichens, with approximately 22 species recorded, many which are unique to this part of the continent.

Places to explore on Deception Island.

Deception Island in Antarctica features several landing sites that showcase the island's rich history, diverse wildlife, and stunning landscapes. However, as with any destination an Antarctic expedition cruise, specific visits to these locations cannot be guaranteed ahead of time. Nevertheless, strive to include these sites in itineraries whenever their ship is in the South Shetland Islands.

Whaler’s Bay

Whaler’s Bay, arguably the most visited site on Deception Island, is the first landing point in Port Foster, nestled on the northern side of the harbor just after passing through Neptune’s Bellows. The sloping ash beach reveals the remnants of the Hektor whaling station abandoned in 1931, alongside the ruins of the British base from Operation Tabarin. The eerie atmosphere of the old structures is intensified by the knowledge that part of the British base lost to a mudslide during a volcanic eruption in 1967. Recognized as an Antarctic Historic Site, entering the dilapidated buildings is forbidden and dangerous, although fur seals, elephant seals and Weddell seals often disregard such restrictions.

Pendulum Cove

Located on the northeastern side of Port Foster, Pendulum Cove features warm, steaming sands and gently sloping ash shorelines, holding historical significance as the site of Deception Island’s first scientific recordings in 1829, including gravity experiments that inspired its name.This area also housed the Aguirre Cerda Base, operated by Chile until its destruction in the same volcanic eruption that impacted the British base at Whaler’s Bay 1967. Visitors can still see fragments of the old buildings along the beach, which is a popular spot for the polar plunge.

Telefon Bay

At the westernmost edge of Foster lies Telefon Bay, where visitors can escape the beach and hike inland to the cinder cone formed by Deception Island’s 1967 eruption. While wildlife is scarce here, the geological features provide an opportunity to walk on land created just over fifty years ago, now colonised by lichens and mosses. Guides will ensure your safety as you approach the cone’s edge for views of the flooded crater and the island's rugged ridges— an otherworldly sight. Scientists visit the area each summer, so avoid approaching any ground instruments, as they are seismographs monitoring volcanic activity.

Baily Head

Known as Rancho Point, is a rocky headland on Deception Island’s eastern, exposed to the Bransfield Strait, and is home to a large colony of chinstrap penguins. These penguins create a narrow "penguin highway" as they march from the sea through a small cove, navigating a valley uphill to their nests. Nestled in a natural amphitheatre overlooking a sheltered beach, this area offers the best wildlife watching on Deception Island, featuring vibrant lichen-covered rocks. Fur seals can often be spotted on the beaches, and hiking above the colony provides breathtaking views across the island, particularly stunning in the Antarctic spring when the slopes are covered in snow.

Ross Sea Travel Guide

Table of Contents

1. What is the Ross Sea

2. Why is it called Ross Island

3. How to access Ross Island

4. Landmarks on Ross Island

5.When to visit Ross Island

6.The best time for this Ross sea cruise

7.Wildlife around Ross Island

The Ross Sea, one of Antarctica’s most remote and spectacular regions.Ross Ice Shelf: The largest floating ice body on the planet, with towering cliffs stretching up to 50 meters above the sea and more than 600 km long—an iconic natural wonder. The Ross Sea is a deep bay within the Southern Ocean off the coast of Antarctica, bordered by Victoria Land to the west and Marie Byrd Land to the east. It is the southernmost sea on Earth, with its southern boundary defined by the Ross Ice Shelf.

Ross Island stands as one of Antarctica’s most legendary locations—a frozen land of fire and ice tied to early exploration, scientific breakthroughs, and dramatic landscapes. Located in the remote Ross Sea, the island is a testament to the hidden geothermal powers of the white continent, creating a striking contrast of fire and ice. It also offers a rare blend of historical landmarks and pristine ecosystems largely unchanged since the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration

One of the most remote areas on our planet, the Ross Sea is a region steeped in human exploration history.

Few people have ever stepped foot in the region and the area provides a fascinating mix between incredible wildlife and polar exploration.

The highlights are without doubt the Ross Sea ice shelf and the wildlife rich sub-Antarctic islands of New Zealand. People with a sense of curiosity will be delighted every day as you visit penguin rookeries, seal colonies and historic exploration huts.

Ross Sea cruise goers will simply stare and marvel at the incredible icebergs, glacial tongues and sea ice that surrounds you daily.

Photographers will be in heaven on the Ross Sea Cruise as the itinerary not only takes in whales, seals and penguins, but you will also visit modern research camps, scientific units and rarely visited islands such as the Aucklands, Snares, Macquarie and Campbell Island.

The Ross Sea Cruise is truly an experience of a lifetime and perfect for photographers or people with a real sense of curiosity and adventure!

Why is it called Ross Island

Ross Island is named after Royal Navy explorer, Admiral Sir James Clark Ross, who commanded an Antarctic expedition between 1839 and 1841. His two ships, HMS Erebus and Terror, were specially reinforced to navigate the thick Antarctic ice. During the expedition, Ross discovered and named the Ross Sea, Mount Erebus, and Mount Terror, and encountered the colossal “Great Ice Barrier,” now known as the Ross Ice Shelf.

This volcanic island is located on the eastern side of Mcmurdo Sound and is connected to the mainland of Antarctica by a glacial ice sheet.

To avoid confusion with James Ross Island—located at the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula—the full name ‘James’ is used for that location, while this volcanic island retains the simpler ‘Ross Island.’ Both were named after Sir James Clark Ross, whose discovery of Ross Island marked the beginning of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.

How to access Ross Island

Ross Island lies deep within the Ross Sea, one of the most remote and challenging regions of Antarctica to access. Since it is located at the opposite end of the continent, crossing the Southern Ocean from Hobart in Tasmania or the port of Bluff in New Zealand can take 7-10 days. The full expedition on a ship can take around 24-30 days.

Since encounters with sea ice are expected in the Ross Sea, special ice-strengthened vessels are mandatory. The long journey across the windy and storm-prone Southern Ocean makes the voyage less comfortable compared to the much shorter trip to the Antarctic Peninsula across the Drake Passage.

Approximately 200 visitors reach the Ross Sea area every year, but only a few can make a landing on Ross Island. Adverse weather conditions and obstructions from sea ice reduce the chances of a safe landing. Besides, the Ross Sea is the world’s largest Marine Protected Area, covering 2.09 million square kilometres. To protect its biodiversity and pristine ecology, visitors need to follow strict environmental guidelines.

Travel challenges on and around Ross Island

Reaching Ross Island is a rare privilege—but it doesn’t come easy. Unlike the relatively accessible Antarctic Peninsula, voyages to the Ross Sea are long, remote, and unpredictable. Landings are never guaranteed and depend entirely on shifting ice, sea conditions, and weather that can change in hours.

This is not a destination for casual cruisers. Only a handful of expert polar operators venture here, equipped with ice-strengthened ships and highly trained expedition crews. Flexibility is essential—itineraries can and do change at a moment’s notice.

That said, for those with the time, curiosity, and spirit of adventure, Ross Island offers something truly extraordinary: the chance to witness a landscape largely unchanged since the days of Scott and Shackleton. It’s not an easy journey—but that’s exactly what makes it unforgettable.

When to visit Ross Island

The best time to visit Ross Island is during summer, between November and February. The chances of McMurdo Sound remaining ice-free are higher in this period, and there is less chance of weather disturbances. The long sunny days of summer are great for exploring the island and observing the wildlife.

With the sun never setting in summer, the temperatures can creep up to zero degrees Celsius, making it more hospitable for visitors.

What is the best time for this Ross sea cruise?

Because of weather and ice, the Ross Sea Cruise is generally run later in the season when the ice has had a chance to melt a little. The hottest months of January and February are the most common for the Ross Sea cruise.

The Ross Sea cruise is fantastic whichever month you choose and your chance of reaching certain islands and bays does not increase or decrease depending on the month. The weather is very unpredictable and you will only know when you get there where you can land.

January tends to be slightly warmer than February, however, the later you go the more chance you have of seeing whales. Penguins and seals will be out in force whichever month you choose.

Wildlife around Ross Island

Thanks to its isolation and strict protections, the Ross Sea hosts one of the most untouched ecosystems on Earth. Being strikingly beautiful both in terms of natural beauty and biological abundance, the Ross Sea is often called the "Last Ocean". It is home to some 16,000 species, some of which are unique.

Visitors in summer may spot:

Adélie penguins (30% of the world population nests here)
Emperor penguins, often seen on nearby sea ice
Weddell and crabeater seals, with leopard seals occasionally appearing near penguin colonies
Whales, including orcas, humpbacks, and minke whales
A variety of seabirds such as snow petrels, Antarctic petrels, Antarctic prions and south polar skuas

Landmarks on Ross Island

The major volcanic peaks on Ross Island are Mount Erebus, Mount Terror, Mount Bird, and Mount Terra Nova, of which Mount Terror is dormant. At 3,794 metres, Mount Erebus is the planet’s southernmost active volcano and has the rare feature of having a lava lake within its summit crater.

The sight of a snow-covered Mount Erebus ejecting fire and smoke over a frozen landscape was stunning for James Ross and his team. The amazing play of fire and ice continues as occasional explosions from the mountain are common. Modern research has shown that glacial conditions may influence its eruption patterns, making it an ideal site for studying interactions between geology and climate.

Mount Erebus

View Antarctica’s southernmost active volcano and other nearby volcanic peaks on Ross Island.

Where is Mount Erebus?

You'll find Mount Erebus dominating the landscape of Ross Island in Antarctica, where it's been quietly (and sometimes not so quietly) going about its business for thousands of years. It is actually considered Antarctica’s second-highest mountain.

When you're studying a Mt Erebus map, you might notice it has company — three other volcanoes share the island, but they've since gone dormant. Erebus, on the other hand, isn't ready to retire just yet.

McMurdo Station

Tour the continent’s largest research base, with year-round inhabitants and polar science facilities.

Mount Erebus sits approximately 25 miles from McMurdo Station, which functions as Antarctica's version of a small town. However, McMurdo Station is primarily a scientific research facility with highly restricted access. The station is exclusively accessible to those with authorised scientific contracts, research positions, or support staff roles.

The general public cannot visit this area, as access is limited to individuals specifically contracted to work on official Antarctic programs.

During peak season, this research base thrives with up to 1,000 people, but that number drops dramatically when winter sets in. It's your jumping-off point for any Erebus adventure, and it has all the facilities you'd need before heading out into one of Earth's most extreme environments.

Visiting Scott and Shackleton’s huts in the Ross Sea

The names of Captain Robert Scott and Sir Ernest Shackleton remain talismans for many people planning their trips today.

The huts that these early explorers used as bases for their attempts to reach the South Pole still stand today, and are registered historic monuments, preserved and protected by New Zealand’s Antarctic Heritage Trust. Every year a lucky few tourists make the epic trip south to the Ross Sea to visit them. We spoke to polar historian and guide Stephen Scott-Fawcett about what it’s like to step inside such hallowed ground.

Discovery Hut near McMurdo Station.
Cape Adare & Cape Hallett: See vast colonies of Adelie and Emperor penguins, plus seals and seabirds, in one of the richest marine ecosystems on earth.

How can I get ready for an Antarctic expedition

Getting ready for an Antarctic expedition is part of the thrill! To ensure a smooth journey, here’s how you can prepare for this extraordinary adventure:

-Maintain good physical health to enhance your experience.

-Make sure your passport is valid for international travel.

-Provide you with polar clothing gear, so you’ll be well-prepared for the weather.

-Please familiarize yourself with all environmental protocols to help preserve its beauty.

-Review the itinerary and safety guidelines for your peace of mind and safety.

-There are no vaccinations required to visit Antarctica.

-Travel insurance is required to visit Antarctica

-Because of the Antarctica Treaty, no visa is required. However, you will be required to obtain a permit.

Falklands Travel Guide

The Falkland Islands

An incredible archipelago of stunning white sand beaches, seas of beautiful blues and sparkling aquamarines, rocky crags and untouched landscapes.

The Falkland Islands are an extraordinary destination, abundant in history, stunning landscapes, wildlife, and culture. The Falkland Islands are a wild, remote gem best known for dramatic landscapes, thriving wildlife, and authentic British hospitality. The best time to visit is between November and February for long sunny days and peak wildlife viewing. Visitors can fully immerse themselves in the rich wildlife that attracts experts from around the world. Home to nearly 1 million penguins across five breeding species, the Falklands offer an unparalleled opportunity to observe these charming birds. Additionally, the Islands boast vast colonies seabirds, including the largest population of black-browed albatross globally.

Table of Contents

1. Why visit the Falkland Islands

2. What’s the scenery like in the Falkland Islands

3. Getting to The Falklands

4. Best Time to Visit the Falkland Islands

5. Must-see Highlights in the Falkland Islands

6. Top Things to Do

7. Where to Stay

8. Falkland Essential Tips

Why visit the Falkland Islands?

Sail to an archipelago on the edge of the world, where white-sand beaches and windswept moorlands teem with wildlife.
Stand before sprawling penguin colonies – thousands strong – and watch southern sea lions and elephant seals haul out along the coast.
Enter a birdwatcher’s paradise with over 200 species to spot, from the graceful black-browed albatross to the iconic striated caracara.
Visit Stanley – one of the world’s most remote settlements – and experience its unique blend of British culture and frontier spirit.

What’s the scenery like in the Falkland Islands?

Every island in the Falklands has a story to tell. One moment you’re walking along windswept white-sand beaches teeming with penguins; the next, you’re crossing rolling moorlands or watching albatross nest in the tall inland grass. Steep cliffs rise above rocky coves, and the wild, open landscapes are as remote as they are spectacular.

Thanks to our small expedition boats, you’ll have the chance to go ashore on guided nature landings – getting up close to the islands’ raw beauty. This is nature, unfiltered.

Getting to The Falklands

Travelling to the Falkland Islands is more accessible than you might expect, with options available by both air and sea. Many travelers opt to arrive through Chile.

The international airport is at Mount Pleasant (MPN) which is also home to the tri-service military base in the Falkland Islands. So whilst it offers basic services it is the gateway to the Falklands itinerary if you arrive by air.

Bus transfers are provided from the airport to Stanley, where you'll be taken directly to your accommodation. If your first stop is elsewhere in the Islands, accommodation provider or tour operator will arrange the necessary transfers or meet you at Mount Pleasant.

It's advisable to plan your itinerary in advance, as many locations offer limited accommodations and little to no last-minute availability during the high season from December to February. Once your bookings are made, you'll need to arrange transport between locations.

For island-hopping, contact the Falkland Islands Air Service (FIGAS) with your dates and destinations, and they will the logistics. If you prefer traveling by land, consult your accommodation providers for vehicle rentals available in Stanley.

Drivers and guides can also transport you and provide tours to various sites. Make sure to stay on East Falkland for your last night to ensure timely access to Mount Pleasant Airport.

While services are available from the airport to Stanley, there are no scheduled routes elsewhere on the Islands, so advance booking for both arrival and departure is necessary.

If you are arriving by sea, be it cruise ship or yacht, the likelihood is that you will start your itinerary in the capital, Stanley.

Over forty different cruise ships from various companies include the Falkland Islands in their summer itineraries, making it a fantastic option for experiencing the Islands as part of a South American or Antarctic journey. Explore the variety of cruise companies currently operating to the Falklands.

BestTime to Visit the Falkland Islands

The ideal period to explore the Falkland Islands is from October to April, with the most pleasant weather typically from November to February. You can always expect to see an array of wildlife, such as penguins, seals, sea lions, and albatross, but the warmer temperatures more likely during the summer months in the Southern Hemisphere. Be prepared for windy conditions year-round, don't forget to pack a waterproof jacket.

Month-by-month guide for travelling in the Falkland Islands

Visiting the Falkland Islands in October

Spring should be arriving in the Falkland Islands, and with it the start of the mating season for the myriad of wildlife inhabitants on the islands. It will still be chilly, with an average temperature of 9°C.

Visiting the Falkland Islands in November - February

These are the best months to visit the Falkland Islands. The temperate climate sees an average high temperature of 13°C and long clear days (although the weather is still very changeable, and there will always be wind). The wildlife will be rearing young, and conditions for activities such as fishing and trekking are ideal. As these are the busiest months for tourism it is best to book several months in advance to ensure accommodation on the outlying islands is available. These are also the months that the Antarctica expedition ships pass by the islands, stopping in Stanley and Volunteer Point.

Visiting the Falkland Islands in March - April

Autumn arrives, with tourists and some of the wildlife starting to leave for the winter. However, it is still possible to visit, and whilst the islands are never busy, you may now find yourself alone with the wildlife.

Visiting the Falkland Islands in May - September

means experiencing winter which brings significant rain and strong winds. Unless you have a particular reason to visit during this season, we advise against planning your holiday at this time.

Must see Highlights in the Falkland Islands

Penguin Colonies: Head to Volunteer Point for the largest King penguin rookery, plus gentoo and Magellanic penguins.

Take a full day's trip out of Stanley to visit the world's largest accessible king penguin colony. The journey is initially on paved roads, then becomes an off-road trip in the 4x4s for around 1½ hours each way (this is hugely dependent on the recent weather).

Once at Volunteer Point you will have time to explore at your own pace, and you can wander anywhere as long as you do not cross the rocks into the sanctuary.

Stanley: Visit the Historic Dockyard Museum for insight into Falklands history and wildlife.
The capital of the Falklands, with a population of 2,000, is a charming place, consisting of just a few streets of colourful houses, a smattering of red phone boxes, a few lively pubs and a selection of the latest four wheel drives, all set on a gentle slope beside Stanley Harbour.
The compact town can be easily appreciated simply by wandering the streets on foot. From the 1982 Memorial walk along the harbour front, passing the rusting hulks of ships that never made it around treacherous Cape Horn, explore the whimsical Stanley Museum, visit the world’s most southerly cathedral and stand beneath Whale Bone Arch, made in 1933 from jawbones of two blue whales to celebrate the centenary of continuous British administration.
Pass Jubilee Villas (built to commemorate Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee), drop into the informative Visitors' Centre, then explore Cartmell Cottage, one of the earliest residential buildings in Stanley, which was built in 1849 from a kit sent from Britain.

Wild Islands: Carcass, Bleaker, Sea Lion, Saunders, and Pebble Islands are top picks for nature lodges, hiking, and birdwatching, including albatross and elephant seals.

Carcass Island

is simply stunning. The pristine wildlife is everywhere, from the caracaras that will steal anything you put down for more than a second, to the huge elephant seals, and dolphins.

When the sun is shining, this is arguably the most beautiful of the islands, with rolling green hills contrasting with vibrant yellow gorse, white sand beaches and the pale blue sea.

Wildlife spotting opportunities are plentiful, with gentoo and Magellanic penguin breeding colonies within a few hours' scenic but windy walk from Rob McGill’s settlement, although if you do not feel like a long walk the penguins sometimes obligingly nest within the settlement itself.

Other sighted inhabitants include elephant seals, upland and ruddy geese, Patagonian crested duck, flightless steamer duck, Falkland thrush, caracara, and pied, black and Magellanic oystercatchers.

Bleaker

Situated in the south east of the Falklands archipelago, Bleaker Island is a small working organic sheep and cattle farm that also offers full board accommodation for visitors in two modern eco-friendly cottages in the picturesque centrally located settlement from which to enjoy the rich diversity of wildlife, beaches, cliffs, and easy walking.

Pebble Island
A lovely place for hiking and wildlife spotting in the day and relaxing and enjoying the cosy lodge in the evening, Pebble Island boasts a fine array of noisy penguin colonies, where it has been known for visitors to see six different species of penguin in a single day.

This is a great place to spend hours immersed in the dynamics of penguin society. Take a seat on a nearby rock to watch the sociable rockhoppers leave their nests, gather in little groups, and set off in their comical gait for the perilous trip down the cliffs to the sea.

Once their hard day’s fishing and feeding is done they have a little play in a rock pool at the foot of the cliffs (safe from their predators that lurk in the ocean), before hopping back up the cliffs and home.

Sea Lion Island offers you a wonderful, rich and high-quality wildlife and wilderness experience all within an easily explorable 10 sq kilometres/3.5 sq miles, and a purpose-built Lodge in which to relax and still enjoy the wildlife and Southern Ocean views.However, it is perhaps the Southern Elephant Seals on several of the beaches that attract the most attention. Sea Lion Island is home to the largest population in the Falklands.

Sounders Island
Rookery Mount is reached by 4x4 from the main settlement and is home to a colony of albatross, but is perhaps best known for the rockhopper 'shower', a freshwater spring that the birds use to rinse off the salt from the sea.

This is a magnificent opportunity to get close to the birds and get some fantastic photographs.

Darwin & Goose Green

The East Falkland area of Goose Green and Darwin has become synonymous with the 1982 conflict.

War History: Explore battlefield memorials, Ajax Bay field hospital ruins, and Port Howard’s war museum for 1982 conflict history.

Scenic Hikes: Try Gypsy Cove and Mount Tumbledown for beautiful views and wildlife.

Top Things to Do

Bird Watching: Spot five species of penguins, black-browed albatross, and cormorants.
Marine Life Tours: Look for seals, sea lions, dolphins, and sometimes killer whales around beaches like Bertha’s Beach.
Hiking and Photography: Hike scenic trails on East or West Falkland; photograph white sand beaches and rugged coastlines.
Local Farm Experience: Tour sheep and cattle farms run by local families and sample “smoko”—homemade cakes and biscuits with tea.
Fishing and Sailing: Adventure activities include fly-fishing, kayaking, and sailing.

Where to Stay

Stanley: Comfortable hotels and guesthouses (Malvina House Hotel, Waterfront Boutique Hotel) plus local cafés.
Island Lodges: Small, family-run lodges on Carcass, Bleaker, Sea Lion, and Saunders Islands—book months ahead for busy season.
Self-Catering: Some settlements offer rental cottages or homestays.
Farm Stays: Experience rural life and eat hearty, home-cooked meals.

Falkland Essential Tips

Wildlife Etiquette: Keep distance from animals, follow guides’ advice, and respect nesting areas.
Currency: Falkland Islands Pound (FKP) and British Pound both accepted; Stanley has ATMs.
Packing: Dress for wind, rain, and chilly temperatures even in summer; waterproofs are essential.
Connectivity: Internet is limited in rural areas; Stanley has best access.

King george Travel Guide

King George Island

At one end of the Drake Passage in the Southern Ocean lies a group of islands, the South Shetland Islands. The largest island in this group and the easternmost one, is King George Island, named after King George III of the United Kingdom.

In 1819, British explorer William Smith discovered the island. It has an area of 444 square miles and over 90 percent of the land area is glaciated.

King George Island is a unique polar destination renowned for its research stations, dramatic Antarctic wilderness, and rare wildlife encounters. The island serves as the "gateway to Antarctica," offering an incredible introduction to the continent and a variety of once-in-a-lifetime experiences for adventurous travelers.

Presently, the island has multiple research stations operated by various countries. Naturally, a large section of the population of the island consists of scientists from more than 10 different countries.

The island is mostly barren, and the terrain is rocky and mountainous. The stark beauty of pristine beaches and jagged cliffs reaching down to the ocean serves as a perfect prelude for the journey to Antarctica.

King George Island has an airport that serves as the landing point for all flights to Antarctica. Since it is around 75 miles from the Antarctic Peninsula, the island serves as an important connecting hub for the white continent. Interestingly, it has one of the rare permanent structures in the Antarctic region – a Russian Orthodox church.

Keep in mind that only 100 people are permitted at any time on shore from a cruise ship so this is why a small expedition cruise is highly recommended. The population itself can swell up to 1000 people in King George's Island including researchers and support staff on a temporary basis.

Table of Contents

1. Why visit King George Island

2. Getting Around

3. Best Time to Visit King George Island

4. Must-see Highlights

5. King George Essential Tips

Best Time to Visit

The season runs from November to March (the Antarctic summer). Wildlife is most active in December–February, with longer daylight hours and the best weather for landings and cruises. February to March is prime for whale sightings and scientific events, including the King George Island marathon.

Getting Around

Access is by plane from Punta Arenas, Chile, or by expedition cruise from Ushuaia or Chilean ports.
On the island, movement is mainly organized by tour operators, using zodiacs, marked tracks/trails, and sometimes sturdy vehicles between research stations. Some bases are within walking distance.

Best Things to Do and Must-See Highlights

Visit International Research Stations: Walk between scientific bases operated by countries like Chile, Argentina, Russia, China, South Korea, and more. It's a multicultural hub where each station has its own story and role in polar research.
See Penguin Colonies: Encounter thousands of Gentoo, Adélie, and Chinstrap penguins nesting along rocky shores and beaches, often seen waddling between stations or swimming nearby. Seal sightings—especially Weddell and fur seals—are common year-round.
Marvel at Antarctic Scenery: Admire glaciers, snow-capped peaks, and floating blue ice floes, especially during Zodiac cruises. Sunsets at Paradise Bay and glacier hikes near Potter Cove are photo highlights.
Trinity Church: Visit the Church of the Holy Trinity, Antarctica’s first Orthodox church, built at the Russian base. It's one of the most unusual religious sites on the continent.
Adventure Activities: Enjoy Zodiac cruising, sea kayaking, and close-up whale and seal watching. Many expeditions organize ice hikes, marathon events (Feb-March), and citizen science programs.
Unique Polar Camping: Some tours offer overnight camping under Antarctic skies—a remarkable, immersive wilderness experience.

King George Island is a truly extraordinary, seldom-visited destination—perfect for adventure and wildlife lovers, with unforgettable views and close encounters with the wonders of the Antarctic.

Travel Essentials and Tips

Dress for extreme cold with quality down jackets, layers, and waterproof gear.
Book all arrangements well in advance—both flights and expedition cruises.
Participate in educational lectures by resident scientists when possible.
Always respect environmental protocols and guidance from expedition staff to protect this fragile polar ecosystem.

South Georgia Travel Guide

South Georgia, often called the “Serengeti of the Southern Ocean,” is one of the most remote and wildlife-rich destinations in the world, lying between Antarctica and southern Argentina.

Explore one of the planet’s last great wildernesses, where wildlife thrives in astonishing abundance across dramatic, untamed landscapes. Stand in awe before vast colonies of king penguins, their numbers stretching to the horizon in a mesmerizing spectacle of sound and motion. Watch as millions of fur seals lounge along the shores and wandering albatrosses glide effortlessly overhead. Trace the path of legendary polar explorers and witness the historic setting of Shackleton’s epic survival story

Table of Contents

1. Why visit South Georgia

2. Best Time to Visit

3. How to Get to South Georgia

4. Top Things to Do & Must-See

5. South Georgia Travel Tips

Why visit South Georgia?

Head way out into the southern seas to visit South Georgia, and discover a rugged, remote land, a wildlife haven, where animals thrive in complete isolation. Survey the shoreline, where hundreds of thousands of penguins, elephant seals, fur seals, and seabirds put on an unforgettable show against a backdrop of snowy mountains, gigantic glaciers, and scenic bays. This is Earth’s greatest show, on Earth’s greatest stage.

Explore one of the planet’s last great wildernesses—one where wildlife thrives on a scale rarely seen anywhere else
Encounter hundreds of thousands of king penguins as they gather in vast, sensory-swirling colonies stretching as far as the eye can see
Observe the island’s abundant seal and birdlife, from millions of playful fur seals basking on the shores to soaring wandering albatrosses
Sail in the wake of fabled polar explorers and see first-hand where Shackleton’s legendary tale of survival took place
Combine a voyage to South Georgia, Antarctica and the F alkland Islands

Best Time to Visit

Discover the enchanting wonders of South Georgia Island beyond the ordinary travel norms. The quest for the perfect time to explore this hidden gem is as intriguing as the island itself.

As the island’s remote and difficult-to-reach location dictates its accessibility, the timing of your visit becomes a factor, intertwined with the enchantment of what is brought forth during the changing seasons.

The optimal time is November to March, with peak wildlife activity, long daylight hours (up to 18 hours), and relatively mild temperatures of around 5°C.
November to January: See the largest King Penguin rookeries, seal pups, elephant seals battling on the beaches, and returning macaroni penguins.
December to February: King penguin chicks cover the beaches, whales become more plentiful, and the weather is generally calmest for landings.
High season (December-February) is busiest for expeditions; the shoulder season offers more solitude and unique sightings.

How to Get to South Georgia

The easiest way to get to South Georgia is on an expedition cruise departing from the Falkland Islands or Ushuaia in Argentina and sailing via Antarctica.

Expedition cruises run from November until the middle of March which is South Georgia’s summer season. There are no expedition cruises during the winter season which runs from April until September.

The sailing time to reach South Georgia Island is approximately 2.5 days sailing from Stanley in the Falkland Islands or 3 days from the Antarctic Peninsula.

For explorers looking to truly experience South Georgia and visit as many landing sites as possible, we recommend a South Georgia only expedition departing from the Falkland Islands.

Top Things to Do & Must-See Highlights

Experience the planet’s most dramatic King Penguin colonies at Salisbury Plain, St. Andrews Bay, and Gold Harbour, with hundreds of thousands of birds congregating alongside huge gatherings of elephant seals and fur seals.
Hike the historic path of Sir Ernest Shackleton across the Fortuna Glacier to the abandoned whaling village of Stromness, exploring sites steeped in Antarctic exploration history.
Pay respects at Shackleton’s grave and visit the Grytviken whaling station, now the main settlement with a museum, church, and research station.
Marvel at the dramatic landscapes of Drygalski Fjord, a ship-only stop with towering mountains, glacial tongues, and swirling petrel skies.
Cruise to Cooper Bay for the largest chinstrap penguin rookery and spot macaroni penguins, gentoo penguins, and seabirds.
Explore Royal Bay and Albatross Island, famed for giant petrels and light-mantled sooty albatrosses, and witness elephant seals jousting on the black-sand beaches.
Go Zodiac cruising for close-up encounters with wildlife, iceberg-riddled waters, and photo opportunities in pristine wilderness.

South Georgia Travel Tips

Booking: Cruises fill quickly, especially in high season, so plan and reserve well in advance.
Wildlife: Respect strict wildlife-watching protocols—keep a safe distance and avoid disturbing animals.
Weather: The climate is unpredictable, so bring warm, waterproof, and windproof gear along with quality photography equipment for capturing the region’s dramatic scenes and abundant wildlife.
History: The region’s fascinating human history is closely tied to exploration and whaling, best experienced at the South Georgia Museum in Grytviken.
Conservation: South Georgia is a vital conservation area, with visits highly regulated to protect ecosystems and resident wildlife.

Arctic Travel Guide
North Pole

Imagine a land where both the brightest white and the darkest black seem perpetual; where life can thrive, yet struggles to survive; where expansive seascapes give way to overpowering landscapes; where there are few people, yet a myriad of cultures.

Arctic Map

Table of Contents

1. Why Visit the Arctic

2. How to Get to the Arctic Circle

3. What Can I See in the Arctic?

4. What Can I Do in the Arctic?

5. How to Travel Around in the Arctic

6. Best Time to Visit
7. Essential Tips for Arctic

8.Must-See Highlights

7. Related Blogs on Antarctica

The Arctic region, also known as the Arctic, is a geographic region surrounding the North Pole. There is no single correct definition of the region, as the southern boundary varies.

The Arctic is usually defined as the polar region north of the Arctic Circle (latitude 66° 33’ 44”, about 1,650 miles south of the North Pole), an imaginary line circling the top of the globe. It consists largely of an ocean encircled by bordering land. Much of that ocean is covered in ice – glaciers and icebergs formed from freshwater, and frozen sea ice.

Traveling to the Arctic demands preparation and a sense of adventure. In this guide, we'll navigate the essential preparations for an Arctic expedition, from understanding the unique climatic conditions to selecting the right gear and learning about the local wildlife and Indigenous cultures.

the Best Time to Visit the Arctic

The Arctic, one of Earth's most stunning and secluded destinations, features a frigid wilderness that varies significantly by region and season. Whether you wish to witness the night sky illuminated by the aurora borealis or catch a glimpse of a polar bear and her cubs frolicking in the endless summer daylight, the timing of your visit is crucial.

The ideal time for an Arctic Circle tour is during the summer, from June to September, when the sea ice begins to break, allowing for exploration of the region's more remote areas. Visitors can also experience the stunning Arctic landscapes in late April when they are blanketed in snow and surrounded by sea iceSummer is the prime season for observing wildlife such as polar bears, whales, walruses, and reindeer This time of year also offers the best opportunities for land adventures like hiking across the tundra and meeting resilient communities that thrive in this remote part of the world, with average temperatures ranging from 37°F (3°C to 55°F (13°C).

In June, the melting snow reveals beautiful flora, with tiny miniature forests of dwarf birch and willow visible in places like Greenland, Svalbard, and the Canadian High Arctic. While temperatures generally range from 37°F (3°C) to °F (13°C), the North Pole experiences an average of 32°F (0°C) during summer, compared to a chilling -°F in winter. July and August are peak months for Arctic visits, characterized by warmer temperatures that facilitate exploration.

In July, temperatures typically range from 43°F (6°C) to 59°F (15°C while the North Pole remains at around 32°F (0°C). This period is perfect for visiting Longyearbyen, Sbard, where the tundra bursts with vibrant colors. As July progresses, the tundra flowers give way to striking autumn hues and the landscape is alive with berries and birds preparing for migration.

By September the Arctic is still largely in summer mode, with moderate temperatures and wildlife remaining active. Average temperatures during this month range from 37°F (3) to 50°F (10°C), and while days start to cool, wildlife begins its preparations for winter.

Many consider the best time to visit Greenland, as the lack of snow facilitates easier Zodiac landings, enabling shore excursions for backcountry hiking untouched tundra and increasing the chances of close encounters with grazing animals like reindeer and musk oxen.

Why Visit the Arctic?

Travelling deep into the can be a transformative experience, offering the chance to see colossal icebergs, wildlife, otherworldly scenery, and breathtakin views, along with opportunities for enriching interactions with vibrant Indigenous communities in the far north.

When reflecting on standout moments in the Arctic, the stark and striking early-season light in Svalbard, It’s hard to believe the landscape is real; it feels like another world.”

Many travellers believe that the best way to explore the is through an expedition cruise, as it provides a rewarding, safe, and hassle-free way to the Arctic Circle and its surrounding regions.

If contemplating a trip, it’s wise not to delay. Research indicates the Arctic is undergoing significant environmental changes and warming at least twice as fast as the rest of the planet, impacting the animals and ecosystems dependent on this icy environment.

As you venture into this remarkable part of the world, you experience firsthand what makes it so extraordinary and why it deserves preservation.

Exploring the Arctic is a remarkable adventure that guarantees excitement for any thrill-seeker. Here are some compelling reasons to consider an Arctic journey:

Stunning Natural Wonders: The Arctic features truly one-of-a-kind landscapes, with an icy ocean bordered by the coastlines of three continents. Majestic icebergs, advancing glaciers, and towering fjords create a breathtaking display of nature. The mesmerising northern lights illuminating the Arctic sky are an unforgettable sight.

Wildlife Experiences: This region hosts an array of resilient wildlife, including polar bears, reindeer, Arctic fox, and numerous bird species. Observing these animals in their natural habitats is a rare and special opportunity.

Cultural Connection: Arctic communities boast rich cultural traditions shaped by their harsh environment. Visiting these indigenous groups offers insight into their history and customs, enhancing your appreciation for their connection to the land.

Venturous Activities: Whether it's dog sledging, snowmobiling, ice climbing, or sea kayaking, the Arctic provides a variety of exhilarating activities for outdoor enthusiasts and adrenaline seekers.

Photography Opportunities: The unique light and pristine landscapes of the Arctic create a paradise for photographers, enabling you to capture stunning images to cherish for years.

How to Get to the Arctic Circle

The Arctic is an extraordinary, icy wilderness encompassing eight countries and millions of square miles, with the North Pole in the center.

A vast area stretching across the top of the globe, the Arctic offers adventures from viewing iconic wildlife and epic icescapes to having rare and enriching encounters with local cultures.

Traveling to the Arctic means heading north to the Arctic Ocean to the portions of the countries inside the circle. You can go to the Arctic by visiting Norway, Greenland, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Canada, the U.S., or Russia.

Are You Allowed to Go to the Arctic?

The Arctic can seem like a vast and far-away corner of the planet so you might be wondering “Can I travel to the Arctic?” The answer is a resounding “Yes.”

People can visit the Arctic on an overland journey, traveling above the Arctic Circle in countries bisected by the boundary. For a more encompassing, far-reaching experience, travelers can choose to explore the region by ship, which affords the opportunity to go between multiple regions quickly and efficiently and to discover remote and rugged shores that can’t be reached by road.

Are You Allowed to Visit the North Pole?

"Can people travel to the North Pole?” The short answer is yes, a journey there is possible; however, it requires a monumental effort to reach. There are very limited options and once you arrive, there isn’t much to see or explore in this barren, icy location.

Some travelers are after those hard-earned bragging rights that come with a challenging voyage to the North Pole. You need to decide what you are looking for. Are you the kind of traveller who just wants to check the box, or do you want to fully experience the region you are exploring?

If it’s the latter, you may want to consider destinations like northern Greenland and Ellesmere Island, Canada—places above 80 degrees north with incredible wildlife, meaningful cultural encounters, and opportunities for active exploration.

Going somewhere is more than just getting to the coordinates.” These other exceptional destinations are sure to deliver extraordinary and memorable experiences.

The route of your Arctic Circle travel will depend on which region of the Arctic you choose to explore

National Geographic-Lindblad Expeditions offers 19 Arctic cruise itineraries that span from Norway to Greenland to Arctic Canada and beyond. Most Arctic cruises begin with a flight from your hometown to an Arctic airport in a gateway city like Oslo, Norway or Reykjavik, Iceland.

From there, you are often met by expedition staff who will bus you to the port to embark your ship.”

How Travel Around in the Arctic

The most efficient way for travelers to explore the Arctic is aboard polar expedition vessel, designed to handle the region's challenging elements and conditions.

Regular flights are limited and fill up quickly, while many areas lack the tourism infrastructure found in cities like Amsterdam, Sydney, or even Anchorage, Alaska. Moreover, the vast distances and limited roads complicate travel.

In Greenland, for instance, there is just one road linking two towns; otherwise, travel between towns and cities relies on boats, helicopters, or planes.

The simplest way to reach the Arctic Circle is by flying to the departure port of your Arctic Circle cruise. These cruises offer the best opportunity to experience the Arctic and get to the North Pole

Common Arctic Cruise Departure Ports

What departure port should you use for an Arctic cruise? The port of departure for your cruise depends on your Arctic travel company's itinerary. If you take a cruise ship to the Arctic Circle with National Geographic-Lindblad Expeditions, departure ports include Kangerlussuaq, Greenland; Longyearbyen, Norway; and Reykjavik, Iceland.

Other Arctic Cruise departure ports include Aberdeen, Scotland and Murmansk, Russia.

The largest city north of the Arctic Circle, Murmansk has been a popular Arctic port. However, due to Russia’s current war with Ukraine, it is difficult if not impossible to obtain a visa. In addition, Russia is currently on the U.S. Department of State’s Do Not Travel List.

What Can I See in the Arctic?

Going to the Arctic is a nature lover’s dream for the rare chance to see wildlife like polar bears, reindeer, and musk oxen in their natural habitats, as well as walruses and a variety of whales and seals. On many Arctic Circle tours, you will marvel at stunning fjords, colossal ice forms, thundering waterfalls, and carpets of wildflowers.

The dynamic landscapes and seascapes of northern Greenland are especially memorable. Massive ice floes in the water and 20-foot black basalt ribbons lining the coast. You also have the opportunity to venture into Greenland’s rugged interior by foot during a backcountry hiking experience.”

What Can I Do in the Arctic?

Throughout your Arctic cruise, you’ll enjoy an array of Arctic excursions. Take a Zodiac to the foot of iridescent icebergs and calving glaciers, stroll sea cliffs aflutter with gannets and puffins, or experience Inuit culture. Travel to the Arctic can also mean a chance to view the Northern Lights.

If you explore the Arctic you will find the diversity of experiences is unmatched. Each day brings new options to choose from, whether that’s hiking, kayaking, visiting a museum, observing wildlife, attending a lecture about the history or geology of the region, or capturing photos

Wildlife Viewing: Sightings of polar bears, Arctic foxes, reindeer, seals, walruses, whales (beluga, narwhal, bowhead), and nesting seabirds.
Northern Lights: Spectacular auroras in Greenland, northern Norway, Iceland, Canada, and Finland from late August into winter.
Dog Sledding & Snowmobiling: Classic Arctic adventure, available in Svalbard, Greenland, and Northern Canada.
Kayaking, Hiking, Camping: Paddle among icebergs in Ilulissat or Svalbard, hike tundra trails, and camp beneath endless daylight or auroras.
Polar Plunge: Take a brief plunge into glacial waters—popular on Arctic cruises.
Meet Local Communities: Experience indigenous heritage, taste Arctic cuisine, and learn survival skills from local guides.

EssentialArcticTravel Tips

Clothing: Wear layered, waterproof, and windproof gear; consider insulated boots and gloves, regardless of season.
Wildlife Safety: Always join guided tours for polar bear and wildlife viewing; respect local safety instructions.
Book Early: Arctic cruises and lodges sell out quickly due to strict environmental limits.
Sustainability: Follow “leave no trace” standards, respect indigenous communities, and participate in conservation programs where possible.
Aurora Viewing: For the best Northern Lights, travel late August–March, away from urban lights.

An Arctic journey rewards travelers with immense wilderness, iconic wildlife, indigenous culture, and adventure activities found nowhere else on the planet

Arctic Destinations

Iceland

North Pole

Greenland

Norway

Northern Lights

Svalbard

Iceland Travel Guide

Iceland offers dramatic natural wonders, unrivaled adventure opportunities, and inspiring cultural experiences. The ultimate Iceland travel guide below covers the best things to do, must-see highlights, top times to visit, ways to get around, accommodation options, and essential travel logistics.

Shaped by lava below and ice above, Iceland is a country of contrasts. Here, tumbling glaciers meet sparkling fjords surrounded by towering volcanoes and smoking hills. Four-fifths of the land is uninhabited and wildlife takes the lead, with around 23 whale species in the surrounding waters, joined by dolphins, seals and multitudes of seabirds.

Table of Contents

1. Best Time to Visit Iceland

2. Getting to Iceland

3.How to Get Around

4.Best Things to Do

5. Must-see Highlights

6. Hotels in Iceland

7. Search for Flights and Accommodation

8. Iceland Gastronomy

9. Essential Tips

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Iceland depends on what you want to experience.

Due to its location near the Arctic Circle, Iceland’s weather can be relatively mild but highly unpredictable. One of the most significant factors to consider is the dramatic change in daylight throughout the year, which ranges from nearly 24 hours of daylight in summer to just a few hours in winter. These seasonal shifts play a key role in shaping the experiences available, with certain attractions and activities only accessible during specific times of the year.

Summer (June to August) offers the Midnight Sun, with nearly 24 hours of daylight, and temperatures hovering between 10°C to 15°C. It’s perfect for exploring hiking trails, waterfalls, and other outdoor adventures. It’s also the season for puffin spotting and road trips around the Ring Road.
Wildlife Encounters: For wildlife enthusiasts, June is ideal for whale watching and observing puffins as they nest along Iceland’s dramatic coastal cliffs, including popular spots like Dyrhólaey and the Westman Islands.

Winter (November to March) is the ideal time to go for a chance to spot the Northern Lights and soak in geothermal hot springs surrounded by a snow-covered landscape. Although colder and darker, winter also offers unique activities, such as ice caving and glacier hiking.

Shoulder seasons in May and September bring fewer crowds, mild weather, and a chance to see both lush landscapes and early auroras.

Summer (June to August)

Winter (November to March )

Shoulder (May and September)

How to Get There

Most arrive via Keflavík International Airport (KEF), 50 km from Reykjavik; over 25 airlines offer direct flights from Europe and North America, typically 3–6 hours.
More than 20 airlines fly to Keflavik, which is Reykjavik’s international airport. From North America, United, Delta, Icelandair, Play, and Air Canada are among many airlines that serve Keflavik.
Depending on the departure city, travelers can fly from the eastern seaboard to Iceland in just over five hours and find themselves in a surreal, natural wonderland that feels worlds away.
Because flights are plentiful, there are a range of options to choose from and you can simply select the best route that works for your schedule, budget, and other relevant factors.

Visa-free travel up to 90 days for EU, UK, USA, Canada, and Schengen Area visitors; passport must be valid 3 months beyond return.
There is also a multi-day ferry from Denmark to Iceland that stops in the Faroe Islands. M/S Norröna sails from Hirtshals, Denmark, to Tórshavn on the Faroe Islands and on to Seyðisfjörður, Iceland.
Ferries from Denmark (Smyril Line) and occasional cruise stops; slow but scenic alternatives.
Airport buses or shuttle services run regularly to central Reykjavik

International airports

Keflavík International Airport (KEF) is 48km west of Reykjavík.

How to Get Around

Travelling around Iceland is best done by car, with the iconic Ring Road (Route 1) providing a picturesque 828-mile loop that links key destinations such as Reykjavik, Akureyri, Vik, and Höfn.

You can easily rent a car at the airport or downtown Reykjavik.

"If you plan to drive, familiarize yourself with local traffic regulations; one rule that often surprises visitors is the requirement to keep your headlights on at all times." Additionally, be cautious of shortcuts suggested by Google Maps, as they may lead you to roads unsuitable for tourists or the less adventurous.
For those staying in Reykjavik, the city boasts a dependable and budget-friendly public bus service called Strætó, which connects to Keflavík International Airport (KEF) and the city centre.
If you're looking to venture beyond, guided tours, domestic flights, and ferries to remote areas like the Westfjords and various islands are great options.
Internal flights provide easy access to the Westfjords, Westmann Islands, Akureyri (for the north coast and Lake Myn), and Egilsta∂ir in the eastern part of the country.
During the summer, comfortable buses connect Iceland's main towns, although service is limited from September to May.

While car rentals can be expensive, they offer a fantastic way to explore, as there is just one major road that circles the island.

Best Things to Do

Road trip Iceland’s Ring Road for maximum adventure.
Day tours from Reykjavik to near and far highlights.
Hiking in summer, ice cave tours and northern lights hunting in winter.
Relax in geothermal spas (Blue Lagoon, Myvatn Nature Baths).
Horseback riding and snowmobiling.
Glacier lagoon paddle or boat tours, including Jökulsárlón.
Try local cuisine: lamb, seafood, skyr, and more in Reykjavik and countryside eateries.

Must-See Highlights

Reykjavik: Vibrant capital with colorful wooden buildings, cafes, art galleries, and an engaging nightlife.
Golden Circle: Highlights include Gullfoss Waterfall, Geysir Hot Springs, Thingvellir National Park, and the Secret/Blue Lagoon.
South Coast: Seljalandsfoss and Skógafoss waterfalls, black sand beaches at Reynisfjara, and the glacial lagoon Jökulsárlón.
Snæfellsnes Peninsula: Diverse landscapes, coastal villages, and Snæfellsjökull volcano.
Westfjords & North Iceland: Steep fjords, dramatic cliffs, whale-watching in Húsavík, and Akureyri town.
Eastfjords: Remote villages, rugged scenery, hiking opportunities.
Volcanoes & Geothermal Spas: Blue Lagoon, Secret Lagoon, geothermal pools, recent volcanic landscapes.
Wildlife: Puffin watching, whale watching (April–September), Icelandic horses.

Golden Circle

Must-See Highlights Reykjavik: Vibrant capital with colorful wooden buildings, cafes, art galleries, and an engaging night

New visitors are encouraged to explore the Golden Circle, a 186-mile journey featuring stops at Thingvellir National Park, the Geysir geothermal area, and the Gullfoss waterfall. Consider renting a car or booking a tour, and don't forget to include stops at Kerið Crater Lake, the Friðheimar tomato greenhouse, and Efstidalur II, a dairy farm along the way, where you can enjoy delicious ice cream made from milk.And visit the Secret/Blue Lagoon.

Vatnajökull National Park

Iceland's largest UNESCO World Heritage site, Vatnajökull National Park, covers 14 percent of the country and boasts Europe's largest glacier, alongsidees, ice caves, waterfalls, and expansive lava fields. Visitors can embark on thrilling glacier hikes, explore stunning blue ice caves, or admire the massive icebergs drifting in the many deep glacier lagoons.

Geothermal Springs

Iceland boasts hot springs and a thermal river, making it a great place to relax in warm, mineral-rich waters. The Blue Lagoon, situated in Grindavík near Keflavík International Airport, is perhaps the most well-known. Additional choices include the Sky Lagoon, located just outside Reykjavik in Kópavogur, and Seljavallalaug, a picturesque swimming pool in southern Iceland filled with geothermal.

Westfjords

Roughly 250 miles north of Reykjavik, the Westfjords is a remote region of Iceland known for rugged fjords, stunning waterfalls, and abundant hot springs. (It’s also home to Saltverk, the Icelandic sea salt made using geothermal energy, which makes a nice souvenir.)

Key Towns and Cities to Discover

Reykjavik

Reykjavik, Iceland’s lively capital, a treasure trove of museums and galleries, geothermal pools, and diverse restaurants, all framed by stunning natural landscapes. Its blend of urban allure and closeness to remarkable sights like the Golden Circle and Blue Lagoon makes it a must-visit destination on any trip to Iceland.

Akureyri

Akureyri, often referred to as the “Capital of the North,” is Iceland’s second-largest city, featuring a delightful blend of vibrant architecture, a botanical garden, and stunning views of the Eyjafjörður Fjord. In the summer, you can enjoy whale watching in Eyjafjörður, while winter brings opportunities for skiing at the nearby Hlíðarfjall mountain.

Skagafjörður

Skagafjörður, a picturesque fjord in northern Iceland, is celebrated for its stunning scenery featuring mountains, rivers, and coastal cliffs. "Skagafjörður consists of two islands, where in mid-June, you can witness the sun descending between the islands, briefly touching the sea before rising again." Additionally, you'll find a geothermal pool known as Grettislaug in the area.

Húsavík

Nestled on the northeast coast of Iceland, Húsavík is a favored destination where visitors can explore the century-old wooden church, Húsavíkurkirkja, along with the Húsavík Whale Museum and relaxing geothermal baths.

Egilstaðir

Egilsstaðir, the largest town in East Iceland, serves as a gateway to Hallormsstaðaskógur, the country's largest forest, and the enchanting Lagarfljót lake, famous for its mythical sea serpent, the Lagarfljót Worm. This town is the perfect starting point for discovering the pristine landscapes and rich folklore of the Eastfjords.

Höfn

Höfn, a seaside town located in southeast Iceland, offers stunning views of the Vatnajökull glacier and is renowned as the lobster capital of the country. Consider visiting in June to experience its annual Lobster Festival.

Vík í Mýrdal

Vík í Mýrdal, the southernmost village in Iceland, is renowned for its striking black sand beaches, the basalt sea stacks of Reynisfjara, and its closeness to the Mýrdalsjökull glacier, located roughly 19 miles to the north. With its enchanting landscapes and natural attractions such as Dyrhólaey and the Skógaf waterfall, it is a must-visit destination for those journeying along Iceland’s South Coast.

Ísafjörður

Iceland's largest town in the secluded Westfjords boasts stunning fjord landscapes and a lively cultural atmosphere, hosting two of the nation’s renowned music festivals: the Ísafjörður Rock Festival and the Við Djúpið Music Festival.

8 Of The Best Hotels In Iceland

Located in central Reykjavik, Hotel Borg offers a perfect blend of 1930s Art Deco style and modern amenities. It features beautiful rooms with stunning views, exceptional service, and a prime location for exploring local attractions

Hotel Borg by Keahotels

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This high-end spa hotel offers modern suites, most with lagoon views, fine dining, and access to the famous Blue Lagoon. It's rated 4.6 out of 5 stars based on 517 reviews

The Retreat at Blue Lagoon

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A stylish hotel in Reykjavik offering trendy rooms and suites, some with city views. It features a bar, spa, and gym, and is rated 4.7 out of 5 stars based on 237 reviews.

Iceland Parliament Hotel, Curio Collection by Hilton

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An upscale hotel with ocean views, polished rooms and suites, a spa, dining options, and two bars. It has a rating of 4.6 out of 5 stars from 610 reviews.

The Reykjavik EDITION

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This stylish hotel offers contemporary rooms and suites with free Wi-Fi and breakfast. It boasts a high rating of 4.8 out of 5 stars from 406 reviews.

Reykjavik Konsulat Hotel, Curio Collection by Hilton

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For a unique experience, the Panorama Glass Lodge provides a chance to view the Northern Lights from the comfort of your room. It has an impressive rating of 4.9 out of 5 stars based on 442 reviews.

Panorama Glass Lodge

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Located near Thingvellir National Park, this hotel offers a unique blend of adventure and luxury. It features modern rooms, a spa, and stunning views of the surrounding landscape. It's ideal for those looking to explore Iceland's natural wonders while enjoying high-quality amenities

ION Adventure Hotel

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Situated in the remote Troll Peninsula, Deplar Farm is a luxury lodge offering a secluded retreat amidst breathtaking landscapes. It features a geothermal pool, outdoor activities like skiing and hiking, and a focus on sustainability. This hotel is perfect for those seeking an immersive, nature-based experience in Iceland

Deplar Farm

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Search for Flights and Accomodation here

What to eat in Reykjavik: Some delicious dishes

Where Does Icelandic Cuisine Have Its Roots?

It’s impossible to consider the traditional meals famed in Iceland without a nod to the country’s Viking roots. In the early Middle Ages, Norse settlers arriving on the island had to use what was available to sustain themselves, working around the lack of arable farmland and harsh climate. This meant that livestock had to be a staple of their diet, and methods for preserving food through cold winters were essential. This is often reflected in:

The use of simple ingredients
Pickled or fermented elements
Lamb, fish, and dairy are dominant staples

Icelandic Lobster Soup

Icelandic lobster soup is a rich, salty soup similar to a bisque. It is one of the most famous foods to eat in Reykjavik. Made with locally sourced langoustines, lobster soup is creamy and perfect for seafood lovers.

Enjoy a warming bowl of lobster soup as part of a leisurely lunch by the seafront in Reykjavik’s old harbor — the perfect meal to warm you up on a cold winter’s day.

Plokkfiskur

Try a hearty dish of plokkfiskur

A traditional Icelandic dish, plokkfiskur is an Icelandic fish stew. Typically made with mashed fish, bechamel sauce, and potatoes, plokkfiskur may be simple, but it’s also delicious.

While plokkfiskur can be a warming dish in winter, it’s also a great light meal to have in Reykjavik in summer as it can be served cold, too.

Icelandic lamb

Icelandic lamb is a delicacy. The sheep in Iceland are wild and free-range, making the meat some of the most delicious in the world. In addition, many Icelandic dishes have been created to incorporate lamb. Throughout the country, you can find local variations of lamb dishes, each with its own twists. In the capital, there are many restaurants serving world-class lamb dishes, like Fröken Reykjavík and their leg of lamb.

Iceland Essential Tips

Book hotels, rental cars, and tours well ahead of time for the summer or Christmas season.
Dress for rapidly changing weather: layers, waterproofs, and sturdy hiking shoes are vital year-round.
Tap water is safe and delicious; bring a reusable bottle.
Major credit cards widely accepted; cash rarely needed.
Respect nature—stick to marked trails, never disturb wildlife, and always follow local safety advice.

Guide to Traveling in Polar Regions

Location of the regions by region

Characteristics about the Polar regions

How Is the Arctic Different from Antarctica?

Antarctica Travel Guide

South Pole

Antarctica Map

Fascinating Facts About Antarctica

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When is the best time to visit Antarctica

Antarctica's Travel Season: A Month-by-Month Guide

October

November

December

January

February

March

The Best Ways to Get Around Antarctica

Cruises from Ushuaia, Argentina

Zodiac Boats

Fly-In Options from Punta Arenas, Chile

On Foot: Guided Walks and Hikes

Essential Travel Tips

Best Things to Do

Wildlife-watching: See emperor and Adélie penguins, seals, whales (especially humpback, orca, and minke)

Kayaking or Standup Paddleboarding: Paddle through iceberg-filled waters for up-close views of wildlife and dramatic landscapes.

Camping on the ice: Spend a night in this pristine wilderness for an authentic Antarctic adventure.

Scuba Diving & Snorkeling: Plunge beneath the ice for surreal underwater vistas, available on specialist tours.

Trekking on the ice: Join guided hikes to penguin rookeries, glaciers, and scenic headlands.

Visiting a Research Station: Experience a behind-the-scenes look at scientific life at bases like Port Lockroy ("Penguin Post Office").

The Polar Plunge: Take a bracing dip in Antarctic waters (often in Deception Bay’s volcanic-caldera harbor).

Helicopter Touring (on some cruises): Witness breathtaking aerial views of remote islands and vast ice fields.

Stargazing: With extended periods of darkness and minimal light pollution, winter skywatching can be magical

Wildlife in Antarctica

Penguin of Antarctica, South Georgia and the Falkland Islands

Emperor Penguin

King Penguin

Gentoo Penguin

Adélie Penguin

Macaroni Penguin

Must-See Highlights

Below I have listed the most popular destinations

Antarctica Packing List: Complete Gear List

Antartica Clothing

Antartica Footwear

Antartica Headgear

Antartica Bags

Antartica Accessories

Pro Packing Tips

The Antarctic Peninsula Travel Guide

Where is the Antarctic Peninsula

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Traveling to the Antarctic Peninsula

Climate of the Antarctic Peninsula

The Antarctic Peninsula’s Iconic Destinations

What wildlife can I observe on the Antarctic Peninsula?

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Deception Island Travel Guide

Where can you find Deception Island?

What is the origin of the name Deception Island?

Wildlife of Deception Island

Places to explore on Deception Island.

Whaler’s Bay

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Pendulum Cove

Telefon Bay

Baily Head

Ross Sea Travel Guide

Why is it called Ross Island

How to access Ross Island

Travel challenges on and around Ross Island

When to visit Ross Island

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What is the best time for this Ross sea cruise?

Wildlife around Ross Island

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Arctic Travel Guide
North Pole